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The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ

Muhammad ﷺ is the last Messenger of Allah. Muslims love him, follow his example and say after his name the blessing ṣalla llāhu ʿalayhi wa sallam (ﷺ): "May Allah bless him and grant him peace."

Origin and youth

Muhammad ﷺ was born around the year 570 CE in Mecca, into the tribe of Quraysh. His father ʿAbdullāh died before his birth, and his mother Āmina when he was six years old. He grew up with his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and then with his uncle Abū Ṭālib.

Even before his prophethood, the people of Mecca called him al-Amīn, "the trustworthy". At 25 he married Khadīja, a respected merchant. She later became the first to believe in his message.

The first revelation

At about 40, in the year 610, he withdrew for reflection to the cave of Ḥirāʾ near Mecca. There the angel Jibrīl came to him with the first verses of the Qurʾān.

ٱقۡرَأۡ بِٱسۡمِ رَبِّكَ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ١

Read in the name of your Lord who created.

al-ʿAlaq 96:1

Mecca and Medina

For thirteen years he called people in Mecca to belief in the one God, and together with his Companions he endured much hostility. In 622 he migrated to Medina. The Islamic calendar begins with this migration (Hijra).

When he returned to Mecca in 630, he forgave his former opponents. In 632 he performed the Farewell Pilgrimage and passed away shortly afterwards in Medina, at the age of 63.

His character

In the Qurʾān, Allah praises the character of the Prophet ﷺ and calls him a mercy to all the worlds. When ʿĀʾisha was asked about his character, she answered: "His character was the Qurʾān."

وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٖ ٤

And indeed, you are of a great moral character.

al-Qalam 68:4

وَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰكَ إِلَّا رَحۡمَةٗ لِّلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ١٠٧

And We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds.

al-Anbiyāʾ 21:107

Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 746

The Seal of the Prophets

Muhammad ﷺ is the last prophet (Khātam an-Nabiyyīn). With him prophethood is complete; no prophet comes after him. This belief (Khatm-e-Nubuwwat) is a firm part of Islam.

مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَآ أَحَدٖ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن رَّسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٗا ٤٠

Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets. And Allah has full knowledge of all things.

al-Aḥzāb 33:40

The Prophet ﷺ said to ʿAlī: "Are you not pleased to be to me as Hārūn was to Mūsā? Except that there is no prophet after me."

Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4416 · Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2404

An example for every day

Muslims try to follow the Prophet ﷺ in daily life: in prayer and the remembrance of Allah, in honesty, patience and kindness towards family, neighbours and all people.

لَّقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِي رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٞ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرۡجُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلۡيَوۡمَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَ وَذَكَرَ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا ٢١

There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent example, for anyone who hopes in Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah often.

al-Aḥzāb 33:21

The Prophet ﷺ said: "None of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than his father, his child and all people."

Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 15